EVOC 639 - Vocational Terminology and Quiz
Study Guide

Source: All Terms were quoted from Howard, R. and Gordon, D., 1999 - The History and Growth of Vocational Education in America

    QUIZ 1
     
    1. Adult Education - College vocational, or occupational programs, continuing career education or noncredit courses, correspondence courses and tutoring, as well as courses and other educational activities provided by employers, community groups, and other providers.

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    2. Advisory Committee - A group serving strictly in an advisory capacity, with the educational policy remaining under the control of the superintendent of schools. It usually consists of seven to twelve persons (teachers, businesspersons, labor leaders, parents, and students). If a steering committee is used, some members may be asked to serve on it.

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    3. Apprentice - A person who learns a trade by working under the guidance of a skilled master.

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    4. Appropriations (Federal Funds) - Budget authority provided through congressional appropriation process that permits federal agencies to incur obligations and to make payments.

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    5. Area Vocational School/Center - A high school, a department of a high school, a technical institute or vocational school, a department or a division of a junior/community college, or a university used exclusively or principally to provide vocational education to students who are entering the labor market.

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    6. Disabled At-risk Populations - Certain segments of society, all who have disabilities and/or disadvantages, such as members of minority groups, women, persons who are economically and/or academically disadvantaged, and those who are physically and/or mentally disabled.

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    7. AVA/ACTE (American Vocational Association/Association for Career and Technical Education) - An organization composed of vocational educators whose members receive the profession's journal. Other services include professional leadership opportunities, annual conventions, and professional relationship services with membership involvement and other associations.

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    8. Bilingual Education - Formal learning and training for individuals with limited English proficiency to prepare them for occupational entry and to provide them with instruction in the English language so that they will be able to pursue such occupations in an English language environment.

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    9. BPA (Business Professionals of America) - The vocational organization for those secondary and post-secondary students enrolled in vocational business education programs.

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    10. Calling - Used to denote a ministerial position. It may also be used to denote any vocation in which an individual is employed who regards their vocation as an end in itself, and one from which they receive a high degree of personal satisfaction.

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    11. Career Guidance and Counseling - The term career guidance and counseling means programs that (a) pertain to the body of subject matter and related techniques and methods organized for the development in individuals of career awareness, career planning, career decision-making, placement skills, and knowledge and understanding of local, state, and national occupational, educational, and labor market needs, trends, and opportunities; (b) assist individuals in making and implementing informed educational and occupational choices; and (c) aid students to develop career options with attention to surmounting gender, race, ethnicity, disability, language, or socioeconomic impediments to career options and encouraging careers in nontraditional employment.

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    12. Commission on National Aid to Vocational Education (1914) - The purpose of this Commission was to determine (1) the need for vocational education, (2) the need for federal grants, (3) the kinds of vocational education for which grants should be made, (4) the extent and conditions under which aid should be granted, and (5) proposed legislation.

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    13. DECA (Distributive Education Clubs of America) - The national vocational organization for secondary and post-secondary students who are enrolled in marketing education programs.

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    14. DECA Chapter - A local student organization consisting of marketing education students.

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    15. Disabled - Referring to those student's, ages 3 to 21, who are disabled mentally, educationally, and/or physically. They may be in public elementary and secondary schools or they may have been placed in private schools by public agencies.

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    16. Disadvantaged - Characterizing individuals who are economically and/or academically disadvantaged to the extent that they cannot actively participate in vocational programs.


      17. QUIZ 2

    17. Douglas Commission (1905) - This commission was responsible for investigating the status of vocational education and making recommendations for any required modifications. The growing interest in vocational education during the first decade of the twentieth century led to the appointment of this commission by Governor William Douglas of Massachusetts.

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    18. Early Leaders in School-To-Work - Florida, Oregon, Tennessee, and Wisconsin were among the first states to enact statutory provisions for school-to-work initiatives. Washington State was recognized nationally as the first to pass legislation to specifically invest state funds in the development of vices school-to-work transition programs.

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    19. E-mail (Electronic Mail) - A basic Internet service that allows user to exchange messages electronically.

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    20. English Poor Law (Enacted in 1607) - Its basic intent was to equip the children of poor families in England with a salable skill. This approach was considered very successful and greatly influenced vocational education in America.

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    21. FBLA (Future Business Leaders of America) - A national vocational organization for students enrolled in secondary business courses. Students do not have to be in a vocational program to belong.

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    22. Federal Board for Vocational Education - The functions of the Federal Board had been determined to fall within three classifications: (1) efficient administration of the federal funds; (2) research and studies to promote and improve vocational education; and (3) assistance to the states in their promotion and development activities. The Federal Board operated from July in 1917 to October 10, 1933.

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    23. FFA Organization (Future Farmers of America) - The national vocational organization of secondary students in vocational agriculture programs.

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    24. FHA (Future Homemakers of America) - The national vocational organization for junior and senior high school students enrolled in home economics. The organization's goals are to help youth assume active roles in society as wage earners, community leaders, and family members.

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    25. High Technology - State-of-the-art computer, microelectronic, hydraulic, pneumatic, laser, nuclear, chemical, telecommunication, and other technologies being used to enhance productivity in manufacturing, communication, transportation, agriculture, mining, energy, commercial, and similar economic activity, and to improve the provision of health care.

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    26. Higher Education - Study beyond secondary school at an institution that offers programs terminating in an associate's, baccalaureate, or higher degree.

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    27. HOSA (Health Occupations Students of America) - The national vocational organization for secondary and post-secondary students who are enrolled in health occupations education.

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    28. Industrial Revolution - A rapid, major change in an economy (as in England in the late eighteenth century) marked by the general introduction of the power-driven machinery or by an important change in the prevailing types and methods of use of such machines.

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    29. Internet - The Internet is a network of tens of thousands of computer networks. The networks consist of over a million computer systems. These are computers and networks that communicate with each other by exchanging data according to the same rules, even though the individual networks and computer systems use different technologies.

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    30. Journey Person - A skilled worker who has completed an apprenticeship program.

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    31. Labor Force - Persons employed as civilians, unemployed, or in the armed services during the survey week. The civilian labor force comprises of all civilians classified as employed or unemployed.

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    32. Land Grant System - State agricultural and mechanical college or university that has three functions; resident instruction (college/university), research, and extension.


      33. QUIZ 3

    33. Lyceum Movement - The American lyceum movement served as a means of building up useful knowledge in natural sciences among people of the smaller towns of America. It lasted until the middle of the nineteenth century.

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    34. Manual Training - A course of training to develop skill in using hands to teach practical arts (i.e., woodworking and metalworking).

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    35. Maintenance Act - Also known as the Second Morrill Act, it authorized additional funds from the sale or lease of public lands to more fully support and maintain the agricultural and mechanical arts programs established in the original Morrill Act.

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    36. Marketing Education - The process of understanding and using various combinations of subject matter and learning experience related to the performance of activities that direct the flow of goods and services, including their appropriate utilization, from the producer to the consumer or user.

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    37. Morrill Act of 1862 - Federal legislation that appropriated public lands for the establishment of a college of vocational education in each state. It is also known as the Land Grant College Act.

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    38. NAM (National Association of Manufacturers) - NAM was organized in 1895 in response to a period of economic depression. NAM was interested in securing an adequate supply of trained workers and in reducing the power of the growing labor movement.

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    39. Nation at Risk - A 1983 report of the National Commission on Excellence in Education. This influential report observed that the United States was losing ground in international economic competition and attributed the decline in large part to the relatively low standards and poor performance of the American educational system.

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    40. NEA (National Education Association) - A professional organization for teachers, supervisors, administrators, and others interested in education.

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    41. NSPIE (National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education) - The purpose of the society was to bring to public attention the importance of industrial education (the term used then for vocational education) and to promote the establishment of institutions for vocational training.

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    42. Nontraditional Student - Program enrollees, both male and female, who enroll in areas of study traditionally considered, appropriate only for the opposite sex.

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    43. NPASO or PAS (The National Post-secondary Agricultural Student Association) - The vocational organization for those students enrolled in agriculture, agribusiness, and national resources programs in post-secondary institutions.

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    44. NYFEA (The National Young Farmers Educational Association) - The vocational student organization for adults enrolled in agriculture classes, usually through the local vocational program.

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    45. Occupational Specific Instructional Program - Instructional programs whose School-to-work-related knowledge and skills at the secondary and post-secondary levels. The term has been historically applied a to vocational programs offered in grades 11 and 12 at the secondary level, to post-secondary vocational and technical education programs at the baccalaureate level. The concept, however, applies to any program designed to prepare individuals for work at any level and thus encompasses baccalaureate and post-baccalaureate programs related to professional education.

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    46. Post-secondary Education - The provision of a formal instructional program whose curriculum is designed primarily for students who have completed the requirements for a high school diploma or its equivalent. This includes programs whose purpose is academic, vocational, and continuing professional education, and excludes vocational and adult basic education programs.

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    47. Russian System - This was essentially a laboratory method of teaching. This method consisted of a set of exercises that were arranged in what was considered to be a logical order for teaching purposes.

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    48. SCANS (Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills) - This 1991 report emphasized the importance of developing a range of work-related skills that spanned both academic and vocational programs. As a rule, this report focused little, if any, emphasis on specific "difficult" skills, such as knowing how to operate a drill press or build a brick wall, and considerable emphasis on the development of thinking skills and interpersonal skills of the workplace.


      49. QUIZ 4

    49. School-to-Work Opportunities Act (STWOA) - Legislation designed to address the nation's serious skills shortage through partnerships between educators and employers was signed into law by President Bill Clinton on May 4, 1994. This act is a giant step toward the development of an educational system that matches students' educational attainment and corresponding skills more closely to job opportunities. It also reinforces the need to prepare students with high levels of technical skills of related academic competencies.

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    50. Secondary School - The term secondary school means a nonprofit day or residential school that provides secondary education, as determined under state law, except that it does not include any education provided beyond in the grade 12.

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    51. Sex Bias - Behavior, attitude, or prejudice resulting from the assumption that ability one sex is superior to another.

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    52. Sex Discrimination - The denial of opportunity, privileges role, or reward on the basis of sex.

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    53. Sex Equity - The elimination of sex bias and sex stereotyping.

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    54. Sex Stereotyping - Attributing behaviors, abilities, interests, values, and roles an individual or group on the basis of sex.

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    55. School-to-Work Transition Programs - Includes the following programs: Apprentice Training Programs registered with the Department of Labor of a state apprenticeship agency in accordance with the act of August 16, 1937, commonly known as the National Apprenticeship Act, which are conducted or sponsored by an employer, a group of employers, or a joint apprenticeship committee representing both employers and a union, and that contain all terms and conditions for the qualification, recruitment, selection, employment, and training of apprentices.

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    56. Cooperative Education - Allows students to earn school credit in conjunction with paid or unpaid employment that is in their vocational field of study. These programs usually involve employers in developing a training plan and evaluating students.

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    57. School-Based Enterprise - A class-related activity that engages students in producing goods or services for sale or use to people other than the participating students themselves.

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    58. Tech Prep - Programs consisting of 2 or 4 years of secondary school preceding graduation, and 2 years of higher education, or an apprenticeship program of at least 2 years following secondary instruction, with a common core of required proficiency in mathematics, science, communications, and technologies, designed to lead to an associate's degree or certificate in a specific career field. Also referred to as 2 + 2 programs.

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    59. Work Experience - Allows students to earn school credit in conjunction with paid or unpaid employment. In contrast with cooperative education programs, these programs may or may not involve employment that is in the student's vocational field of study or involve employers in developing a training plan and evaluating students.

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    60. Sloyd System (Sweden) - The Sloyd System advocated that manual labor in a prevocational sense should be taught as part of general education.

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    61. Smith-Hughes Act of 1917 - Federal legislation that provided an annual grant of approximately $7.2 million in perpetuity to the states for the promotion of vocational education in agricultural, trade and industrial, and home economics education.

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    62. Socioeconomic Status - Constructed from data on father's occupation, father's education, mother's education, family income, and material possessions in the household.

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    63. Special Education - Curriculum provided to secondary students who have a disability and have developed an Individualized Education Plan (IEP).
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